Which type of claim includes multiple variations of a single invention?

The answer is C, Multiple Dependent Claims. This type of claim is specifically designed to refer back to more than one preceding claim, allowing a single claim to encompass multiple variations of an invention. By its nature, a multiple dependent claim allows for greater flexibility because it can combine features from various claims, enabling the patent applicant to cover multiple aspects of an invention without needing to draft separate claims for each variation.

In patent applications, a standard dependent claim is limited to one preceding claim, which means it can only incorporate the features of that claim. However, a multiple dependent claim can draw from several claims at once, increasing the scope of protection. This specificity is particularly useful when the variations are closely related and stem from a common inventive concept.

In contrast, Jepson claims and independent claims serve different purposes. Jepson claims are structured to highlight the improvements or distinctions over prior art. Independent claims stand alone without referencing any other claims, thus presenting a complete invention in itself. These distinctions are critical when drafting patent claims, as they influence how the invention is defined and protected.