What aspect is primarily addressed by 35 U.S.C. § 102(g)?

35 U.S.C. § 102(g) primarily addresses the issue of establishing priority of invention among multiple inventors. This section of the U.S. patent law clarifies that in situations where two or more individuals claim the same invention, the determination of who is entitled to the patent depends on who was the first to invent, rather than who was the first to file a patent application. This principle provides a legal framework for resolving disputes over invention priority, ensuring that inventors are recognized for their contributions based on the timeline of their inventive activities.

The significance of this provision lies in its emphasis on the conception and reduction to practice of the invention as critical factors in establishing priority. This is particularly important in an environment where collaboration and concurrent development of similar ideas are common, allowing for fairness and acknowledgment of original inventors.